Forecast: The Next Ten Years
By John Mauldin
April 18, 2005
Sinking Globalization
Smoot-Hawley is Alive in the Senate
Stratfor Decade Forecast
The Global Economy
The China Meltdown Syndrome
The Russian Orthodox Church Leads the Way
The Collapse of the European Political Union
La Jolla and Houston
This week we look at how politics
and geopolitical events can affect our investments. We look at
a decade-long forecast from one of my favorite information services:
Stratfor.com. I change my view on the euro, talk about a possible
Chinese recession and look at uncomfortable analogies between
1900 and today. There's a lot of ground to cover so we will jump
right in.
I have had the relative value of currencies on my mind every
day for the past two weeks. I have been in London, where the
pound sterling is at a staggeringly high level, almost two dollars
to the pound. Prices in London have always been high, even when
the dollar was at its peak. Now they border on the absurd, at
least to someone used to the economical confines of Texas. Admittedly
I was in a high rent district (Mayfair), but a simple round-trip
subway ride was $8. From my viewpoint, it seemed that the price
of everything was almost double and sometimes triple what it
is for me locally in Texas. There are no cheap drunks in London.
Expensive drunks, maybe, but no cheap ones (and no decent steaks).
London is a very civilized place, and quite fun to visit. I enjoyed
meeting with clients and business associates, but it was hard
to get used to the prices. And the sad thing is that it is likely
to get worse over time before it gets better.
While I was there, I watched the polls from France. Last fall,
it looks like 70% of the French voters would approve the new
to European constitution. If the vote were held today it would
fail, and the polls continue to get worse. This has the elite
of Europe in quite an uproar. It also looks like the Netherlands
could vote no even before the British get a chance to object.
European voters are being asked to accept an 800 page constitution
that almost no one has read and which would create a powerful
new bureaucracy in Brussels, as if Europe doesn't have enough
bureaucracy as it is. The left in France is worried that the
welfare state could be changed and the right is worried that
even more regulations and nonsense could come down from Brussels.
There are both right to worry.
Will a "no" vote be the end of the European Monetary
Union? No. Will the euro go away? No. Will it to force the Euro-politicians
to become more realistic about the pressures facing Europe, especially
demographic and economic issues? Yes.
But it will also create a great deal of uncertainty. And the
one thing we know about uncertainty is that the markets don't
like it. I have been bullish on the euro for over three years,
almost from its bottom. In the medium-term (five years) I am
still bullish. But right now, I am simply nervous. I think I
want to find other ways to bet against a falling US dollar. Looking
around the world my eyes rest on Asia as the next region to see
its currency's rise against the dollar. I would expect the euro
to rise as well, but now there is a cloud of uncertainty, so
I suggest we sit on the sidelines until we can be more confident
about the euro.
For several years, I have been recommending that investors who
want to play the currency can do so by investing in FDIC insured
accounts and CDs at Everbank. You can purchase a CD in almost
any currency you can think of. I know that many of you
have bought euro-denominated CDs. What I would suggest you do,
is that when the maturity on your CDs come up, that you roll
it over into their new Asian Tiger Index CD. This is what my
good friend Chuck Butler recently wrote:
"I am very happy to announce that Everbank World Markets
is now offering a new 'Asian Tiger Index CD'... We're going to
originate a CD that will be made up of the currencies from Japan,
Thailand, Singapore, and New Zealand. Ok, we don't need a geography
lesson... We have added New Zealand, because it is 'Pan-Asian,'
it exports mainly go to Asian countries, and it pays the interest!
If you're interested, call the desk (1-800-926-4922) for the
details... The interest rate will be 2% for both a 3 and 6 month
CD... I've done this because I continue to believe the next big
leg down in the dollar will have to come from the Asian currencies
that, to date, have not participated, in a big way, in the dollar's
weakness... And where are the majority of our IOU's held? Asia...
So... If the global imbalances created by the dollar and these
weak Asian currencies are going to receive any correcting, the
Asian currencies must rally VS the dollar." Ask for Chuck
and tell him I sent you. (I should note that Everbank is a sponsor
of my publisher).
Sinking Globalization
Niall Ferguson is Professor of History at Harvard University.
He recently authored an essay which appeared in Foreign Affairs
(Volume 84, No. 2) entitled "Sinking Globalization."
(There is no free link but you can subscribe if you like at http://www.foreignaffairs.org/).
I would like to recommend this essay to you, and quote a few
paragraphs as a way to introduce today's main topic:
"From around 1870 until World War I, the world economy thrived
in ways that look familiar today. The mobility of commodities,
capital, and labor reached record levels; the sea lanes and telegraphs
across the Atlantic had never been busier, as capital and migrants
traveled west and raw materials and manufactures traveled east.
In relation to output, exports of both merchandise and capital
reached volumes not seen again until the 1980s. Total immigration
from Europe between 1880 and 1910 was in excess of 25 million.
People spoke euphorically of 'the annihilation of distance.'"
Then came World War I, eventually the Great Depression and an
even larger WWII. Dr. Ferguson compares the last great period
of globalization with today and wonders if we are being complacent.
"The last age of globalization resembled the current one
in numerous ways. It was characterized by relatively free trade,
limited restrictions on migration, and hardly any regulation
of capital flows. Inflation was low. A wave of technological
innovation was revolutionizing the communications and energy
sectors; the world first discovered the joys of the telephone,
the radio, the internal combustion engine, and paved roads. The
US economy was the biggest of the world, and the development
of its massive internal market had become the principal source
of business innovation. China was opening up, raising all kinds
of expectations in the West, and Russia was growing rapidly.
"... the end of globalization after 1914 was not unforeseeable.
There was no shortage of voices prophesying Armageddon into prewar
decades. Many popular writers earned a living by predicting a
cataclysmic European war... Yet most investors were completely
caught off guard when the crisis came. Not until the last week
of July 1914 was there a desperate dash for liquidity; it happened
so suddenly and on such a large-scale that the world's major
stock markets, New York's included, closed down for the rest
of the year."
There were five factors which helped precipitate the global explosion
of World War I. The British Empire was over-extended; there was
a significant rivalry between the great powers; unstable alliances
(think NATO, he says); a rogue regime sponsoring terror; and,
"the rise of the revolutionary terrorist organization hostile
to capitalism turned an international crisis into a backlash
against the global free-market."
Ferguson notes the parallels between the former period and today.
I can think of a number of significant differences. For one,
there are no nations with the military power to rival the United
States, and there will not be for a long time. The rise of free
markets and free people is a calming factor. That does not mean
the world is without problems. We all know, as Ferguson points
out, that a nuclear device planted by Al Qaeda in London or civil
war in Saudi Arabia would disrupt the world order significantly.
We could spend the next three or four pages listing possible
doomsday scenarios, however unlikely.
However, it is not Al Qaeda, Saudi coups, the US trade deficit
or a crisis over Taiwan that worries me. I am far more concerned
about politicians creating an economic trade war which would
destabilize the global economy. For new readers, my long-term
view is that we are in what I call the Muddle Through Decade.
I expect a series of recessions over the next ten years to provide
the impetus to deal with the US trade deficit, consumer debt
levels and rebalance global trade into a more sustainable model.
It will also be a period of slower than usual growth, thus "Muddle
Through."
This is not gloom and doom. It is a simple recognition that the
current trends cannot continue and we will have to get back to
a more stable economic situation. In the past it always required
multiple recessions to be the motivating factor for people to
get their house in order. I see no reason why that should change
in the future. Most of us with a few gray hairs have lived through
numerous recessions and while it may have forced a few uncomfortable
changes, our generations are no worse for the wear.
The one thing which could derail my rather benign scenario is
a trade war. A real trade war, in my opinion, would lead us to
a global depression which would take us decades from which to
recover. Sadly there are significant forces in both the United
States and Europe which would like to see a rise of protectionism,
tariffs and trade wars. These politicians pander to voters who
would like to see the status quo maintained. "Protect my
job, welfare, benefits and lifestyle," they cry.
However, one of the things that we can confidently predict in
a world of accelerating change is that the status quo will not
be maintained. The status quo will be increasingly under assault
from all directions, not the least of which is the demographic
imperatives of an aging developed world. The developed world
(the US, but especially Europe and Japan) simply cannot afford
to maintain their welfare states over the coming decades. Yet
that is precisely what the voters will ask them to do.
Politicians will never admit that the problem is with the systems
they have created and which are essentially bankrupt. The voters
don't want to hear that their benefits are at risk. They will
blame others and pursue policies which will have negative economic
consequences. This will of course make the situation worse, but
it will be too late.
Smoot-Hawley is Alive in the Senate
Such a scenario does not have to happen. Calmer, wiser heads
should prevail, as most sane people realize that a trade war
would devastate the world. Yet there are times I get nervous
and last week provided just one of those examples.
Senator Charles "Smoot-Hawley" Schumer of New York
is sponsoring a bill which would slap across-the-board tariffs
on imports of Chinese goods unless China agrees to revalue its
currency. The Senate failed to kill the legislation last Wednesday
on a vote of 67-33. Never mind that such legislation would be
a huge tax on the American consumer, would signal to the world
that free trade is no longer the policy of the United States,
and would have an almost immediate affect of raising interest
rates, causing a drop in housing values and a recession. By the
latter, I mean that if the Chinese were not buying our US debt
interest rates would rise.
Pardon me a moment of cynicism, but I don't think there are 67
senators who are that economically illiterate (perhaps 40 or
so, with Schumer being chief among them!). What I do think is
that they see this as a free opportunity to pander to the voters
in their states. They know that the President Bush would veto
such a bill so they vote for the bill with the comforting knowledge
that they will never have to deal with the consequences. They
get to have their cake and get to eat it too.
We see the same sentiments echoed in Europe. In next Monday's
Outside the Box we will read an essay from those very smart guys
at GaveKal Research discussing the dismantling of the European
Growth and Stability Pact last week. They note "In Brussels,
we saw a French president [Chirac] give echo to the more protectionist
thesis of the greens, the reds and other fruitcakes. We saw a
French president blame Europe for 'dumping social, dumping fiscal,
dumping ecologique'."
Stratfor Decade Forecast
Everyday I eagerly read an e-mail from Stratfor.com. Stratfor
is described by Barron's as "a private quasi-CIA [which]
has enjoyed an increasing vogue in recent years as a result of
its heady forecast and many news breaks. It is a private intelligence
and security consulting organization based in Austin, Texas with
a global network of intelligence sources. They provide corporations,
governments, financial institutions and individuals with geopolitical
analyses and forecasts that assist them in managing risk and
helping them to anticipate political economic and security issues
vital to their interest. George Friedman runs the firm, and I
consider his essays on the world political situation to be some
of the more insightful I read anywhere. He is one smart gentleman.
While their services can be quite expensive, their daily e-mail
is somewhat more affordable. I consider it a must-read. Every
five years they produce a 10-year geopolitical forecast. In 1995
they predicted the meltdown of Asia, which happened in a 1997.
They have been consistently right in their analysis of Russia
and Europe. I could go on for pages about all the correct calls
they have made, (along with a few misses, of course), but let's
go ahead and look at a partial summary of what they predict for
the next 10 years. The entire report is 45 pages, but we will
cut it down to the main points in the next few pages. Quoting
from their introduction:
"A decade forecast is the longest we attempt at this time,
because anything greater than a 10-year forecast encounters history's
tendency to have wild discontinuities. Even a 10-year forecast
has discontinuities built in. A 10-year forecast in 1980 would
have had to forecast the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe.
A forecast in 1910 would have contained World War I.
"The art and science of forecasting requires that you
recognize that the least likely outcome is simple extrapolation.
You can draw straight lines for a year, but drawing them out
for 10 years is dangerous. A decade forecast, therefore, is about
predicting the unexpected. [emphasis mine] But it is precisely
the wildly unanticipated that a decade of history throws up at
you. Predicting in 1995 that the United States would invade Afghanistan
in 2001 would have been enormously difficult. It would have been
far easier to draw a straight line showing that the post-Cold
War interregnum would be eternal.
"It follows from this that expecting the U.S.-jihadist war
to continue to dominate the world in 2015 - 14 years after the
war started - is fairly unrealistic. If the Islamic world remains
the focus of the international system, it will be on very different
terms than today. In fact, it is our view that the jihadist issue
will not go away, but will subside over the next decade. Other
- currently barely visible - issues are likely to dominate the
international scene."
I should note that their forecast, while having some disconcerting
elements, is nowhere near as pessimistic as the Ferguson essay
mentioned above. Indeed, compared to that essay, it is quite
reassuring. And they are at their most (relatively speaking)
optimistic when looking at the United States.
They see the focus of the US going from the Middle East to East
Asia. They expect the US to disengage from Iraq and the Middle
East in general, as we essentially minimize the risk from the
jihadist movement by the end of the period. Interestingly, they
expect a decline in US foreign involvement in the years around
2010, followed by increased involvement in Asia. They see increasing
coalitions uniting in an effort to resist American power, primarily
in East Asia, which will require our attention.
In summary on the economy: "It is our expectation, based
on our Asian forecast, that pressure on the trade deficit will
subside before the end of the decade. At the same time we continue
to forecast productivity growths and smoothed demographic curves
throughout this period. We expect two or more recessions during
the coming decade - at least one of which will be triggered indirectly
by Chinese problems. When China's own version of the Asian model
falters, China's export sector will cease its current red-hot
growth. This will gut Chinese exports to the United States, thereby
removing China's need to heavily invest in American government
debt.
"For the past two years, China has not only been a leading
source of U.S. trade deficit, it also has been a leading purchaser
of U.S. government debt to finance that deficit. The Chinese
crunch and step-back from U.S. debt purchases will cause the
U.S. dollar to plummet on international markets, most likely
triggering a recession until the U.S. economy's inherent efficiencies
allow it to regain its strength. We do not expect to see a return
to 1990s growth rates. At the same time, we regard the American
economy very positively indeed."
Maybe I like this because it sounds almost exactly like my Muddle
Through scenario, but I think there is much to commend this.
The Global Economy
Moving onto the global economy, they spend several pages noting
the demographic problems of both Europe and Japan. Long-time
readers know that I repeatedly refer to these problems, so I'll
not go into detail here. But their conclusion bears noting:
"At the end of the day, the United States is set for a decade
of high investment, and by extension, high productivity growth.
Europe and Japan simply cannot replicate these developments -
even if they were willing to restructure their economies from
the ground up. Building such an environment requires a generational
effort, not one that can be implemented in a "mere"
decade. The replicability of economically healthy demographics
in the United States does not mean it consistently will be the
state of affairs.
"As workers retire, income shrivels and the torrent of money
reverses. Instead of being large-scale net suppliers of investment
capital, former workers become hoarders and spenders. The bulk
of their financial assets are switched from high-growth stocks
into low- to no-growth bonds and even cash so they cannot lose
their shirts in the stock market crash of the moment. In short,
aside from their spending - which usually decreases after retirement
- retirees cease to participate in the national economy and capital
formation. At that point, investment slows, credit becomes far
more expensive and growth falls off.
"A reduced supply of capital means two things. First, the
cost of doing any sort of financing - anything from getting a
car loan to building a skyscraper - will increase, setting the
stage for lessened consumption and, by extension, slower growth
across all sectors of all economies. Second, less supply always
increases volatility. Crunches are next to impossible in well-
or over-supplied markets; lower supply means the swings from
economic booms to busts will be far more rapid and far more disruptive
overall.
"For the United States, the above description will manifest
itself sometime around 2015, as the bulk of the U.S. baby boomers
pass into retirement. For Japan, it begins here and now."
The China Meltdown Syndrome
Stratfor's most dramatic prediction is a meltdown in China. Essentially
they see the current euphoria over China as a focus on Shanghai
and the growth in the coastal areas and ignoring the problems
deep within China. The staggering proportion of bad debt, enormous
even in relation to official dollar reserves, represents a defining
crisis for China. While they expect China to hold together through
the 2008 Olympics, for a variety of reasons they see power devolving
to the various states and region of China and away from Beijing.
They predict massive social upheavals because of the difference
between rich and poor, especially the relatively rich coastal
areas which last year received a 87% of foreign direct investment
as opposed only 3% given to the inner provinces, yet 25% of the
people live in those inner provinces.
They do not see China going away, of course, but they do see
Japan replacing her as the premier power in East Asia, with Taiwan
aligning itself with Japan. Within the next few months, I will
do another specially letter on China and will go into their concerns
more carefully. Hopefully I will get some face time with George
Friedman and ask him a question or two which will give us some
insights.
The Russian Orthodox Church Leads
the Way
Their view of Russia is just as disconcerting. They say Russia
is collapsing and expect that to continue, but this will create
an increasingly nationalist and anti-Western movement in Russia.
They expect Russia to eventually reassert itself as a major international
player with the traditional anti-Western course. They also believe
that Russia may try to reintegrate part of its old union, perhaps
forcibly.
And they provide this rather startling prediction: "On the
whole, we expect a fundamental Russian crisis and prolonged fighting
in various forms - including military conflict at times. A number
of scenarios could play out, but in the end, Russia will become
the nationalist, statist entity it was before the last 20 years
of openness and marketization.
The question now is what the reversal will look like. The Communist
Party is likely finished in Russia; it will not be the driving
force. A new, anti-Western leading force will emerge from street
protests and popular anger. Moreover, a completely new elite
will probably form from this period of turmoil. The new elite
will consist of national capital representatives, mostly from
the production economic sector; patriotic intellectuals; officers
in the military, security and intelligence; and popular resistance
leaders.
"By 2015, the regime will probably be religion-oriented,
with the Russian Orthodox Church taking a leading role, joined
by moderates from other large religious traditions in Russia,
such as Islam and Buddhism. A new regime will have to draw upon
one resource or another for its strength; traditionally, Russian
morality and human capability have been vital to the country's
success. With the communist ideology in crisis and the market
ideology inspiring relatively few Russians, moral strength can
be drawn from revived religious values that argue for a strong
Russia and a just society. Also, it will probably be a very conservative
regime, resting on the foundation of a production economy, with
low-paid workers, intellectuals and peasants as well as those
dependent on social benefits."
Moving on to the Middle East, as noted above, they believe the
US-jihadist war will end in the favor of the United States, and
that US involvement will shift from military to political with
the odd base left over here and there. They also see major leadership
transitions in Egypt, Syria and Saudi Arabia.
"As the U.S.-jihadist war winds down, an intra-Islamic struggle
in the Muslim world will begin to take shape. This conflict will
pit Islamists against non-Islamists and will alter the nature
of U.S. involvement in Muslim states from military action to
political engagement, where Washington will - on a case-by case
basis - negotiate with Islamist forces. This trend already is
under way - most visibly in Iraq, where Washington has been working
with the country's Islamist-leaning Shia first to oust Saddam
Hussein's regime and then to effect a political reconstruction
of the country - obviously in keeping with U.S. geostrategic
objectives in the region.
"...The last four years also has led to the Muslim world's
significant radicalization along religious lines. This has boosted
several radical (non-militant) Islamist groups, which have been
able to leverage societies' religious currents to advance themselves.
Though they have remained secure from much of the destruction
that has befallen their militant counterparts, the radicals -
given their dogmatic predisposition - are unable to provide the
masses with more than an outlet for protest.
"Here is where moderate Islamist groups increasingly will
come into play, providing an expression for socioeconomic frustrations
and a forum for identity politics. Moderate Islamist groups will
make significant political gains in many Middle Eastern and Muslim
states in the coming decade, as the establishments buckle under
pressure from calls for change from within and without. That
said, there are other non-Islamist political forces that will
compete with the rise of moderate Islamists.
"This will bring about a struggle over the question of moderate
Islam. Since the Sept. 11 attacks, there has been an upsurge
in the global discourse involving moderate Muslims and moderate
Islam. This issue is complicated not only by the U.S.-led West's
attempts to seek out the moderates in the Islamic world but also
by the diverse set of groups in Muslim states who claim to be
the upholders of moderate Islam. What is curious in all of this
is not the Western demand for moderation but the ample Muslim
supply of moderation.
"There are at least four different types of Muslims who
advance themselves as the adherents of moderate Islam. They are
moderate Islamists, traditional Muslims, liberal Muslims and
certain moderate Islamic regimes. An intense struggle will take
place over ownership of moderate and authentic Islam in the course
of the next decade."
The Collapse of the European Political
Union
As relatively optimistic (if you can call predicting two recessions
and a collapsing dollar optimistic) as Stratfor is on the US,
they are not as sanguine on the prospects for Europe. They predict
the political union will collapse, but the economic union will
continue. Much of the economy of Europe will remain stagnant
under heavy social costs and a rapidly aging demographic. They
predict increased tensions over Muslim immigration with the potential
for some states to limit immigration.
On the political front, they believe there is the potential for
conflict with Russia as Russia tries to reassert its authority
and direct control over some of the former Soviet states in the
Baltics, Georgia and Ukraine. This will present a problem to
Europe, as they will have essentially no way to counter Russian
power.
"The European Monetary Union (EMU), unlike the political
union, will not fall apart in the coming decade. At present,
there are more countries trying to join the EMU than are trying
to leave it. Estonia, Lithuania and Slovenia will likely join
in 2007, followed in 2009 by Latvia and Cyprus. Similar to the
political union, the demise of the eurozone requires the departure
of one major country - Germany. But Berlin, as the EU's largest
economy, has more to gain from being in the eurozone than not
being in the eurozone, simply because Germany is the undisputed
leader and exemplar of the European economy."
"...Exogenous shifts make a European common position - on
anything - much harder to achieve. A resurgent Russia forces
Europe to choose what it hates more: U.S. troops on the ground,
the costs of rearmament or Moscow calling the shots. Some countries
would not mind U.S. troops, but for others, that would represent
the complete destruction of national sovereignty. Islamist militant
attacks force the Europeans to take action against immigration
- but some states need Muslim immigrants to make up for declining
populations. These difficulties add to the probability that the
political union of the EU will break apart in the next decade."
It is best to stop here, as the letter is already getting long.
If you are interested in getting the report and subscribing to
Stratfor's basic service, you can go here.
For those who need to be in the know about what is going on in
the world, and need a high level resource, I know of none better.
La Jolla and Houston
I am obviously back in Texas. It feels like summer, as they are
playing baseball outside my office. The Texas Rangers are beating
the Toronto Blue Jays 3-2 in the sixth, but there is still time
for our pitching to collapse (sigh). The crowd is sparse, but
it will pick up as the season moves along.
 I fly to La Jolla to meet with clients
and my partners at Altegris Investments next week, and then on
to Houston the week after. With the exception of one weekend,
I am home for the month of May, which after all the travel this
month, I need a month to catch up.
I got to have dinner with good friend Bill Bonner last night
in London. I gave him a copy of a book I was reading called "Younger
Next Year." I highly recommend the book for every man
over 45. There's not much (actually none) investment advice in
the book, but there is a lot about how to stay healthy. The book
also emphasizes the importance to your health of having good
friends. While I'm working on the exercise part, I have the friendship
part down. Based on the quality of my friends I should live to
be a hundred. I told Bill to read the book and follow it so that
we could both be a hundred together.
So here's to staying healthy as we go through the next 10 (and
more) years. I plan to still be here writing and I hope you will
still be here reading.
Have a great weekend.
You're 'always and ever the optimist' analyst,
April 16, 2005
John Mauldin
email: John@frontlinethoughts.com
Mauldin Archives
Copyright ©2005
John Mauldin. All Rights Reserved.
Note: John Mauldin is president
of Millennium Wave Advisors, LLC, a registered investment advisor.
All material presented herein is believed to be reliable but we
cannot attest to its accuracy. Investment recommendations may
change and readers are urged to check with their investment counselors
before making any investment decisions. Opinions expressed in
these reports may change without prior notice. John Mauldin and/or
the staff at Thoughts from the Frontline may or may not have investments
in any funds cited above. Mauldin can be reached at 800-829-7273.
MWA is also a Commodity Pool Operator (CPO) and a Commodity Trading
Advisor (CTA) registered with the CFTC, as well as an Introducing
Broker (IB). John Mauldin is a registered representative of Millennium
Wave Securities, LLC, (MWS) an NASD registered broker-dealer.
Millennium Wave Investments is a dba of MWA LLC and MWS LLC. Funds
recommended by Mauldin may pay a portion of their fees to Altegris
Investments who will share 1/3 of those fees with MWS and thus
to Mauldin. For more information please see "How does it
work" at www.accreditedinvestor.ws. This website and any
views expressed herein are provided for information purposes only
and should not be construed in any way as an offer, an endorsement
or inducement to invest with any CTA, fund or program mentioned.
Before seeking any advisor's services or making an investment
in a fund, investors must read and examine thoroughly the respective
disclosure document or offering memorandum. Please read the information
under the tab "Hedge Funds:
Risks"
for further risks associated with hedge funds.
Recent Gold/Silver/$$$ essays at 321gold:
Nov 24 Gold: New Highs Or A Lows Retest? captainewave 321gold
Nov 22 Gold Mid-Tiers' Q3'24 Fundamentals Adam Hamilton 321gold
Nov 22 Gold Stocks: Rocket Launches In Play Morris Hubbartt 321gold
Nov 22 Sequential 9 Buy Setups in GLD and SLV Ross Clark 321gold
Nov 20 This past week in gold Jack Chan 321gold
Nov 19 Stk Mkt Concerns & Key Tactics For Gold Stewart Thomson 321gold
|
321gold Inc
|
